abstract：BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Behçet syndrome is a systemic inflammatory condition characterized by muco-cutaneous and ocular manifestations, with central nervous system, vascular and/or gastro-intestinal involvement. The association of microbiota with Behçet syndrome has not been shown yet. Our work was aimed to compare the gut...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Consolandi C,Turroni S,Emmi G,Severgnini M,Fiori J,Peano C,Biagi E,Grassi A,Rampelli S,Silvestri E,Centanni M,Cianchi F,Gotti R,Emmi L,Brigidi P,Bizzaro N,De Bellis G,Prisco D,Candela M,D'Elios MM

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much progress has been made in understanding autoimmune channelopathies, but the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are not always clear due to broad expression of some channel proteins. Recent studies show that autoimmune conditions that interfere with neurovascular coupling in the central nervous system (CNS) can lead...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Jukkola P,Gu C

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) result from a dysregulation of the immune system leading to an immune attack on the thyroid. AITD are T cell-mediated organ-specific autoimmune disorders. The prevalence of AITD is estimated to be 5%; however, the prevalence of antithyroid antibodies may be even higher. The AITD comp...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Antonelli A,Ferrari SM,Corrado A,Di Domenicantonio A,Fallahi P

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are central to the maintenance of self-tolerance and tissue homeostasis. Markers commonly used to define human Tregs in the research setting include high expression of CD25, FOXP3 positivity and low expression/negativity for CD127. Many other markers have been proposed, but none unequivocall...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Grant CR,Liberal R,Mieli-Vergani G,Vergani D,Longhi MS

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Low dose (10-25 mg/week) methotrexate is widely used for the management of systemic inflammatory diseases, and is considered to be relatively safe. Toxicity due to low dose MTX has been reported but is poorly characterized. We describe the clinical features, risk factors, and outcomes of low dose MTX toxicity...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Kivity S,Zafrir Y,Loebstein R,Pauzner R,Mouallem M,Mayan H

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterized by muscle weakness, fatigability, and autoantibodies against protein antigens of the muscle endplate. Antibodies against acetylcholine receptor (AChR), and less frequently against muscle-Specific Kinase (MuSK) or lipoprotein related protein 4 (LRP4) occur i...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Gallardo E,Martínez-Hernández E,Titulaer MJ,Huijbers MG,Martínez MA,Ramos A,Querol L,Díaz-Manera J,Rojas-García R,Hayworth CR,Verschuuren JJ,Balice-Gordon R,Dalmau J,Illa I

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autoimmunity causes pathological conditions resulting in autoimmune diseases (ADs). Although autoimmunity is a mystery, immunological dogma suggests that autoreactive cell reactivation (ACR) breaks self-tolerance and induces autoimmunity. Thus, ACR is a royal pathway for ADs. Cumulative evidence implicates environment...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Saeki Y,Ishihara K

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study is to assess the long-term effectiveness and safety of IL1Ra in Schnitzler syndrome (SchS). Between 2010 and 2012, we performed a nationwide survey among French internal medicine departments to identify SchS patients. We retrospectively analyzed the long-term efficacy and safety of IL1Ra and the ...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Néel A,Henry B,Barbarot S,Masseau A,Perrin F,Bernier C,Kyndt X,Puechal X,Weiller PJ,Decaux O,Ninet J,Hot A,Aouba A,Astudillo L,Berthelot JM,Bonnet F,Brisseau JM,Cador B,Closs-Prophette F,Dejoie T,de Korwin JD,Dh

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a thriving interest in the field of hereditary autoinflammatory disorders (HAID), a gamut of heterogeneous conditions deriving from an aberrant orchestration of innate immunity, unified by the common feature of seemingly unprovoked inflammation, which might be systemic or occur in localized niches of the orga...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Rigante D,Vitale A,Lucherini OM,Cantarini L

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Coexisting morbidities in CVID include bronchiectasis, autoimmunity and malignancies. The incidence of autoimmune disease in CVID patients may approach 20% of cases. The most common autoimmune disease found in CVID patients is autoimmune cytopenia, but rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and now primary biliary cirrhosis hav...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Xiao X,Miao Q,Chang C,Gershwin ME,Ma X

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 'Task Force on Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome (CAPS)' was developed on the occasion of the 14th International Congress on Antiphospholipid Antibodies. The objectives of this Task Force were to assess the current knowledge on pathogenesis, clinical and laboratory features, diagnosis and classification, prec...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Cervera R,Rodríguez-Pintó I,Colafrancesco S,Conti F,Valesini G,Rosário C,Agmon-Levin N,Shoenfeld Y,Ferrão C,Faria R,Vasconcelos C,Signorelli F,Espinosa G

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Although in most patients induction therapy leads to complete or partial remission, relapses in patients with non-infectious mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis (CryoVas) remain a major problem. We aimed to identify predictors of early relapses occurring within the first 12months of treatment in such patients. ...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Terrier B,Marie I,Launay D,Lacraz A,Belenotti P,de Saint-Martin L,Quemeneur T,Huart A,Bonnet F,Le Guenno G,Kahn JE,Hinschberger O,Rullier P,Diot E,Lazaro E,Bridoux F,Zénone T,Carrat F,Hermine O,Léger JM,Mariette X

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), now considered the most common autoimmune disease, was described over a century ago as a pronounced lymphoid goiter affecting predominantly women. In addition to this classic form, several other clinico-pathologic entities are now included under the term HT: fibrous variant, IgG4-related va...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Caturegli P,De Remigis A,Rose NR

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aplastic anemia (AA) is a disease characterized by pancytopenia and hypoplastic bone marrow caused by the decrease of hematopoietic stem cells. The pathogenesis of AA is complex and involves an abnormal hematopoietic microenvironment, hematopoietic stem cell/progenitor cell deficiencies and immunity disorders. Surviva...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Dolberg OJ,Levy Y

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic disease of the liver and that is characterized by progressive inflammation, fibrosis, and stricturing of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. It is progressive in most patients and leads to cirrhosis. It is a rare disease, mostly affecting people o...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Yimam KK,Bowlus CL

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autoantibodies are a hallmark in the diagnosis of many systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD) including idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Based on their specificity, autoantibodies in IIM are grouped into myositis specific (MSA) and myositis associated autoantibodies (MAA). Among the MSA, autoantibodies...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Mahler M,Miller FW,Fritzler MJ

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pernicious anemia (PA) is a complex disorder consisting of hematological, gastric and immunological alterations. Diagnosis of PA relies on histologically proven atrophic body gastritis, peripheral blood examination showing megaloblastic anemia with hypersegmented neutrophils, cobalamin deficiency and antibodies to int...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Bizzaro N,Antico A

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a term used to describe a variety of disorders characterized by spontaneous or stimulus-induced pain that is disproportional to the inciting event and accompanied by a myriad of autonomic and motor disturbances in highly variable combinations. There are no standards which can b...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Borchers AT,Gershwin ME

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the effectiveness and safety of a protocol using medium doses of prednisone to treat lupus nephritis. METHODS:Patients receiving the 'Cruces-protocol cohort' (CPC) were paired 1:2 with patients from the 'historic cohort' (HC). The CPC received medium doses of prednisone combined with methyl-prednis...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Ruiz-Irastorza G,Danza A,Perales I,Villar I,Garcia M,Delgado S,Khamashta M

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory multisystem disease. The onset of viral and bacterial infections may favor the exacerbation of the disease, amplify autoimmune processes and contribute to mortality and morbidity. The prevention of influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae infec...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Murdaca G,Orsi A,Spanò F,Puppo F,Durando P,Icardi G,Ansaldi F

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytotoxic T-Lymphocye Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) or CD152 is an inhibitory molecule that plays a critical role in maintenance of tolerance to self-antigens. CTLA-4 is structurally as well as functionally related to CD28, since it shares 31% of homology and binds the B7 family molecules CD80 and CD86 with higher affinity. Neve...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Romo-Tena J,Gómez-Martín D,Alcocer-Varela J

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Henoch-Schönlein purpura is the most common systemic vasculitis in childhood, characterized by the presence of immunoglobulin A deposits in the small vessels of skin, gastrointestinal tube, joints and kidneys. Although there have been great efforts made in elucidating its pathogenic mechanisms, Henoch-Schönlein purpur...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Rigante D,Castellazzi L,Bosco A,Esposito S

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The complement system is profoundly involved in the pathogenesis of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody (Ab) related myasthenia gravis (MG) and its animal model experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). The most characteristic finding of muscle pathology in both MG and EAMG is the abundance of IgG and compl...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Tüzün E,Christadoss P

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Myasthenia gravis is caused by antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor, muscle-specific kinase, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4, or possibly yet unidentified antibodies. The mechanisms by which these antibodies interfere with the function of postsynaptic proteins include complement activation, anti...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Verschuuren JJ,Huijbers MG,Plomp JJ,Niks EH,Molenaar PC,Martinez-Martinez P,Gomez AM,De Baets MH,Losen M

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the last decade, treatment strategies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have included the early use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, since prompt suppression of disease activity is associated with a reduction in radiological damage. This strategy has now been incorporated into the broader concept of "tight co...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Epis OM,Giacomelli L,Deidda S,Bruschi E

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The "exposome" is a term recently used to describe all environmental factors, both exogenous and endogenous, which we are exposed to in a lifetime. It represents an important tool in the study of autoimmunity, complementing classical immunological research tools and cutting-edge genome wide association studies (GWAS)....

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Bogdanos DP,Smyk DS,Invernizzi P,Rigopoulou EI,Blank M,Pouria S,Shoenfeld Y

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Successful therapy of dementia, like any disease, depends upon understanding its pathogenesis. This review contrasts the dominant pathways to dementia which differ in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in Down's syndrome (DS). Impaired clearance of neurotoxic amyloid beta peptides (Abeta) leads to dementia in AD. In DS over...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Weksler ME,Szabo P,Relkin NR,Reidenberg MM,Weksler BB,Coppus AM

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are the serological hallmark of some idiopathic systemic vasculitides, such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and, to a lesser extent, Churg-Strauss syndrome (CCS), the so-called ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV). ANCA were first det...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Radice A,Bianchi L,Sinico RA

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of accuracy are often more complex to understand than clinical trials, since there can be more than one outcome and scope (screening, diagnosis, and prognosis) and because results have to be reported in more than one way, than in clinical trials (relative risk or odds ratio). Sensitivity and specificity are co...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Giavarina D

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fas is a transmembrane receptor involved in the death program of several cell lines, including T lymphocytes. Deleterious mutations hitting genes involved in the Fas pathway cause the autoimmune lymphoprolipherative syndrome (ALPS). Moreover, defective Fas function is involved in the development of common autoimmune d...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Comi C,Fleetwood T,Dianzani U

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autoimmune responses and inflammation are involved in the excess cardiovascular risk observed in patients with systemic inflammatory diseases. Autoimmune myocarditis is a presentation of an inflammatory reaction of the heart during the course of autoimmune disorders, with most cases seen in systemic lupus erythematosu...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Mavrogeni S,Dimitroulas T,Kitas GD

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence for genes associated with risk for Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the extended region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes is accumulating. The aim of this study was to investigate the association pattern of the extended MHC region with T1D susceptibility to identify effects independent of well estab...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Jahromi MM

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Churg-Strauss Syndrome is an ANCA-associated vasculitis, an inflammatory multisystem disease with preference to the respiratory tract. Peripheral and tissue eosinophilia are the pathological hallmarks of this condition. The etiopathogenesis is unknown but some cytokines appear to play a central role and could be t...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Ramentol-Sintas M,Martínez-Valle F,Solans-Laqué R

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) are a group of distinct hereditable disorders characterized by unexplained, recurrent episodes of fever and severe inflammation, most commonly involving skin, joints, gut, and eyes. Mutations in inflammasome-related proteins, particularly in NOD-like receptor (NLR) genes, have been str...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Doria A,Dayer JM,Punzi L

更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The title of this section, "New genetic interpretation of old diseases," perfectly reflects the unique history of our understanding of autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs). Indeed, the main clinical feature of most AIDs is the recurrent fever, a symptom that has been extensively documented for centuries. However, the firs...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Touitou I

更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate kinase C (ITPKC), rs28493229, was found to passively confer susceptibility for Kawasaki syndrome (KS) and subsequent coronary arterial lesions. This association is believed to be the result of defective phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Yeter D,Deth R

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic cells (DCs) constitute a heterogeneous population of professional antigen presenting cells which are the initiators and key regulators for both immunity and tolerance induction. The significance and impact of DC biology in contemporary immunology and medical research is heightened by the award of the 2011 No...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Chan VS,Nie YJ,Shen N,Yan S,Mok MY,Lau CS

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natriuretic peptides (NP) are secreted by cardiomyocytes and are reliable markers of cardiac dysfunction and cardiovascular risk by reflecting myocardial stress due to various etiologies. Clinical and occult heart involvement is frequently observed in patients with rheumatic diseases and is associated with increased m...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Dimitroulas T,Giannakoulas G,Karvounis H,Garyfallos A,Settas L,Kitas G

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibodies present in healthy conditions in the absence of deliberate immunization or infections are called natural antibodies. A significant proportion of natural antibody pool is believed to interact with self-antigens, and thus is called natural autoantibodies. Natural autoantibodies belong to IgG, IgM and IgA subc...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Kaveri SV

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To review our current knowledge of the pathogenesis of Meniere's disease, including viral infection and immune system-mediated mechanisms, and to discuss the pathogenesis as it relates to pharmacotherapy. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW METHODOLOGY:Relevant publications on the aetiopathogenesis, molecular biology, geneti...

journal_title：Autoimmunity reviews

authors： Greco A,Gallo A,Fusconi M,Marinelli C,Macri GF,de Vincentiis M

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00